Ukuhlaziywa kwendawo esebenzayo yamapayipi afakwe ulayini

Ezindaweni zanamuhla zezimboni kanye nezomphakathi, ukukhethwa kwezinhlelo zamapayipi kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha, ukuphepha kanye nempilo yesevisi. Njengesixazululo{1}eziphezulu sokusebenza, amapayipi anemigqa asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokungagqwali kwawo, ukumelana nokuguga, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nezinye izici. Lesi sihloko sizohlola indawo esebenzayo kanye nezinzuzo zamapayipi anemigqa evela ezimeni ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza.

Izimboni zamakhemikhali nezephethiloli

Izimboni zamakhemikhali kanye ne-petroleum zivame ukubandakanya ukuthuthwa kwama-acids aqinile, ama-alkali aqinile kanye nemidiya edla kakhulu. Amapayipi ensimbi avamile ayakwazi ukugqwala, okuholela ekuvuzeni noma ekuhlulekeni. Amapayipi anemigqa asebenzisa ukugqwala{2}}izinto ezikwazi ukumelana (njenge-fluoroplastic, i-ceramics noma irabha) njengongqimba lwe-lining, olungahlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo okuphakathi nendawo ku-matrix yepayipi futhi andise impilo yesevisi. Isibonelo, esimweni sokuthutha i-concentrated sulfuric acid, i-hydrofluoric acid noma i-chlorine{4}}equkethe igesi, amapayipi afakwe ulayini anganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa futhi athuthukise ukuphepha.

Izinkundla zezimayini nezensimbi

Izinhlelo zokuthutha ezimayini zivame ukubhekana nezinkinga zokugqoka okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthwa kwezinhlayiya eziqinile ezifana ne-ore ne-slag. Amapayipi alayishiwe anganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukulahlekelwa ukushwibilika kodonga lwangaphakathi lwepayipi ngokwengeza ukuguga-kwezingqimba ezingazweli (njenge-ultra-i-polyethylene ye-molecular high noma i-ceramics). Ukwengeza, ukuthuthwa{4}}kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lensimbi encibilikisiwe noma udaka embonini yensimbi nakho kuncike{5}}ekumelaneni nezinga lokushisa okuphezulu kwepayipi elifakwe ulayini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu.

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kanye nobunjiniyela bokuvikela imvelo

Ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi, izinhlelo zokuhlanza indle kanye nemiklamo yokuvikela imvelo, amapayipi adinga ukuxhumana nendle noma udaka olunamakhemikhali amakhemikhali isikhathi eside. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwepayipi elilayishiwe kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle ukugwema ingozi yokungcola okubangelwa ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical yamapayipi ensimbi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, udonga lwayo lwangaphakathi olubushelelezi lunganciphisa ukukala nokunamathiselwe kwezinto eziphilayo, futhi luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuthuthwa kwamanzi.

Imboni yokudla neyokwenza imithi

Ukukhiqizwa kokudla nemithi kunezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu zezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka. Amapayipi anemigqa asetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa-yokungewona ubuthi futhi kulula{2}}uku{3}ukuhlanza izici. Isibonelo, ukudla-okufana nensimbi engagqwali noma ulayini wepulasitiki) kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha okuwuketshezi emikhiqizweni yobisi, iziphuzo noma izinqubo zemithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo awungcolisiwe futhi uhlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zesitifiketi sokuhlanzeka.

Isiphetho

Amapayipi anemigqa abe yisixazululo esithandwayo sezimboni eziningi ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuthutha eziyinkimbinkimbi ngenhlanganisela yazo ehlukahlukene kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelo egqwala ngokwedlulele, izimo zokugqoka eziphezulu noma izimo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokuhlanzeka, amapayipi anemigqa anganikeza ukuvikeleka okuthembekile. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo, ububanzi bokusebenza bayo buye banwetshwa, kudale inani eliphakeme lemikhakha yezimboni neyomphakathi.